International Business Machines (IBM)
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is a leading American multinational technology company based in Armonk, New York, with a presence in over 170 countries. Founded in 1911, IBM has evolved into a powerhouse of innovation, offering a wide array of hardware, software, and consulting services, along with a strong focus on artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and cloud solutions. The company is renowned for its robust research capabilities, holding the record for the most annual U.S. patents for 28 consecutive years, demonstrating its commitment to technological advancement. Notable inventions, including the ATM and relational database, underline IBM’s pivotal role in shaping modern computing. As IBM continues to adapt its strategies to meet the dynamic demands of the digital era, it remains a key player in driving technological progress across multiple industries.
Stock Price Trends
Stock price trends estimated using linear regression.
Key facts
- The primary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the primary trend is 46.65% per annum.
- IBM price at the close of October 22, 2025 was $287.51 and was inside the primary price channel.
- The secondary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the secondary trend is 304.36% per annum.
- IBM price at the close of October 22, 2025 was lower than the bottom border of the secondary price channel by $5.15 (1.76%). This indicates a possible reversal in the secondary trend direction.
Linear Regression Model
Model equation:
Yi = α + β × Xi + εi
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi + 2 × s)
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi – 2 × s)
where:
i - observation number
Yi - natural logarithm of IBM price
Xi - time index, 1 day interval
σ - standard deviation of εi
a - estimator of α
b - estimator of β
s - estimator of σ
Exp() - calculates the exponent of e
Primary Trend
Start date: February 21, 2023
End date: July 29, 2025
a = 3.8076
b = 0.0010
s = 0.0570
Annual growth rate:
Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0010) – 1
= 46.65%
Price channel spread:
Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0570) – 1
= 25.62%
February 21, 2023 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y584)
= Exp(a + b × X584 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 851 + 2 × s)
= Exp(3.8076 + 0.0010 × 851 + 2 × 0.0570)
= Exp(4.8144)
= $123.27
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y584)
= Exp(a + b × X584 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 851 – 2 × s)
= Exp(3.8076 + 0.0010 × 851 – 2 × 0.0570)
= Exp(4.5863)
= $98.13
July 29, 2025 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,194)
= Exp(a + b × X1,194 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,740 + 2 × s)
= Exp(3.8076 + 0.0010 × 1,740 + 2 × 0.0570)
= Exp(5.7469)
= $313.23
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,194)
= Exp(a + b × X1,194 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,740 – 2 × s)
= Exp(3.8076 + 0.0010 × 1,740 – 2 × 0.0570)
= Exp(5.5188)
= $249.34
Description
- The primary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the primary trend is 46.65% per annum.
- IBM price at the close of October 22, 2025 was $287.51 and was inside the primary price channel.
Secondary Trend
Start date: August 11, 2025
End date: October 9, 2025
a = -1.2686
b = 0.0038
s = 0.0190
Annual growth rate:
Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0038) – 1
= 304.36%
Price channel spread:
Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0190) – 1
= 7.90%
August 11, 2025 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,203)
= Exp(a + b × X1,203 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,753 + 2 × s)
= Exp(-1.2686 + 0.0038 × 1,753 + 2 × 0.0190)
= Exp(5.4795)
= $239.72
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,203)
= Exp(a + b × X1,203 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,753 – 2 × s)
= Exp(-1.2686 + 0.0038 × 1,753 – 2 × 0.0190)
= Exp(5.4034)
= $222.16
October 9, 2025 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,245)
= Exp(a + b × X1,245 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,812 + 2 × s)
= Exp(-1.2686 + 0.0038 × 1,812 + 2 × 0.0190)
= Exp(5.7053)
= $300.46
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,245)
= Exp(a + b × X1,245 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,812 – 2 × s)
= Exp(-1.2686 + 0.0038 × 1,812 – 2 × 0.0190)
= Exp(5.6293)
= $278.45
Description
- The secondary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the secondary trend is 304.36% per annum.
- IBM price at the close of October 22, 2025 was lower than the bottom border of the secondary price channel by $5.15 (1.76%). This indicates a possible reversal in the secondary trend direction.