Stock Price Trends

Visa Inc. Class A (V) 

Visa Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Foster City, California, United States. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards. Visa is one of the world's most valuable companies.

Stock Price Trends

Stock price trends estimated using linear regression.

Key facts

  • The primary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the primary trend is 23.64% per annum.
  • V price at the close of June 13, 2025 was $352.85 and was inside the primary price channel.
  • The secondary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the secondary trend is 46.48% per annum.
  • V price at the close of June 13, 2025 was inside the secondary price channel.

Linear Regression Model

Model equation:
Yi = α + β × Xi + εi

Top border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi + 2 × s)

Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi – 2 × s)

where:

i - observation number
Yi - natural logarithm of V price
Xi - time index, 1 day interval
σ - standard deviation of εi
a - estimator of α
b - estimator of β
s - estimator of σ
Exp() - calculates the exponent of e


Primary Trend

Start date: August 26, 2022
End date: June 13, 2025

a = 4.7868

b = 0.0006

s = 0.0472

Annual growth rate:

Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0006) – 1
= 23.64%

Price channel spread:

Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0472) – 1
= 20.76%

August 26, 2022 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y555)
= Exp(a + b × X555 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 802 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.7868 + 0.0006 × 802 + 2 × 0.0472)
= Exp(5.3473)
= $210.04

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y555)
= Exp(a + b × X555 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 802 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.7868 + 0.0006 × 802 – 2 × 0.0472)
= Exp(5.1586)
= $173.93

June 13, 2025 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,256)
= Exp(a + b × X1,256 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,824 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.7868 + 0.0006 × 1,824 + 2 × 0.0472)
= Exp(5.9413)
= $380.45

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,256)
= Exp(a + b × X1,256 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,824 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.7868 + 0.0006 × 1,824 – 2 × 0.0472)
= Exp(5.7527)
= $315.04

Description

  • The primary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the primary trend is 23.64% per annum.
  • V price at the close of June 13, 2025 was $352.85 and was inside the primary price channel.

Secondary Trend

Start date: June 27, 2024
End date: June 13, 2025

a = 4.0093

b = 0.0010

s = 0.0358

Annual growth rate:

Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0010) – 1
= 46.48%

Price channel spread:

Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0358) – 1
= 15.40%

June 27, 2024 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,015)
= Exp(a + b × X1,015 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,473 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.0093 + 0.0010 × 1,473 + 2 × 0.0358)
= Exp(5.6213)
= $276.25

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,015)
= Exp(a + b × X1,015 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,473 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.0093 + 0.0010 × 1,473 – 2 × 0.0358)
= Exp(5.4780)
= $239.38

June 13, 2025 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,256)
= Exp(a + b × X1,256 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,824 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.0093 + 0.0010 × 1,824 + 2 × 0.0358)
= Exp(5.9884)
= $398.76

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,256)
= Exp(a + b × X1,256 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,824 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.0093 + 0.0010 × 1,824 – 2 × 0.0358)
= Exp(5.8451)
= $345.54

Description

  • The secondary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the secondary trend is 46.48% per annum.
  • V price at the close of June 13, 2025 was inside the secondary price channel.