PPL Corporation (PPL)
PPL Corporation is an energy company headquartered in Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States.
Stock Price Trends
Stock price trends estimated using linear regression.
Key facts
- The primary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the primary trend is 24.23% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of July 26, 2024 was $29.44 and was inside the primary price channel.
- The secondary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the secondary trend is 195.06% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of July 26, 2024 was inside the secondary price channel.
Linear Regression Model
Model equation:
Yi = α + β × Xi + εi
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi + 2 × s)
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi – 2 × s)
where:
i - observation number
Yi - natural logarithm of PPL price
Xi - time index, 1 day interval
σ - standard deviation of εi
a - estimator of α
b - estimator of β
s - estimator of σ
Exp() - calculates the exponent of e
Primary Trend
Start date: August 16, 2023
End date: July 26, 2024
a = 2.2796
b = 0.0006
s = 0.0311
Annual growth rate:
Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0006) – 1
= 24.23%
Price channel spread:
Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0311) – 1
= 13.25%
August 16, 2023 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,020)
= Exp(a + b × X1,020 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,479 + 2 × s)
= Exp(2.2796 + 0.0006 × 1,479 + 2 × 0.0311)
= Exp(3.2210)
= $25.05
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,020)
= Exp(a + b × X1,020 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,479 – 2 × s)
= Exp(2.2796 + 0.0006 × 1,479 – 2 × 0.0311)
= Exp(3.0965)
= $22.12
July 26, 2024 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,824 + 2 × s)
= Exp(2.2796 + 0.0006 × 1,824 + 2 × 0.0311)
= Exp(3.4261)
= $30.76
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,824 – 2 × s)
= Exp(2.2796 + 0.0006 × 1,824 – 2 × 0.0311)
= Exp(3.3016)
= $27.16
Description
- The primary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the primary trend is 24.23% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of July 26, 2024 was $29.44 and was inside the primary price channel.
Secondary Trend
Start date: July 1, 2024
End date: July 26, 2024
a = -2.0306
b = 0.0030
s = 0.0084
Annual growth rate:
Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0030) – 1
= 195.06%
Price channel spread:
Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0084) – 1
= 3.43%
July 1, 2024 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,239)
= Exp(a + b × X1,239 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,799 + 2 × s)
= Exp(-2.0306 + 0.0030 × 1,799 + 2 × 0.0084)
= Exp(3.3192)
= $27.64
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,239)
= Exp(a + b × X1,239 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,799 – 2 × s)
= Exp(-2.0306 + 0.0030 × 1,799 – 2 × 0.0084)
= Exp(3.2855)
= $26.72
July 26, 2024 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,824 + 2 × s)
= Exp(-2.0306 + 0.0030 × 1,824 + 2 × 0.0084)
= Exp(3.3933)
= $29.76
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,824 – 2 × s)
= Exp(-2.0306 + 0.0030 × 1,824 – 2 × 0.0084)
= Exp(3.3596)
= $28.78
Description
- The secondary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the secondary trend is 195.06% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of July 26, 2024 was inside the secondary price channel.