PPL Corporation (PPL)
PPL Corporation is an energy company headquartered in Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States.
Stock Price Trends
Stock price trends estimated using linear regression.
Key facts
- The primary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the primary trend is 31.58% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of May 7, 2025 was $36.33 and was inside the primary price channel.
- The secondary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the secondary trend is 21.07% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of May 7, 2025 was inside the secondary price channel.
Linear Regression Model
Model equation:
Yi = α + β × Xi + εi
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi + 2 × s)
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi – 2 × s)
where:
i - observation number
Yi - natural logarithm of PPL price
Xi - time index, 1 day interval
σ - standard deviation of εi
a - estimator of α
b - estimator of β
s - estimator of σ
Exp() - calculates the exponent of e
Primary Trend
Start date: August 17, 2023
End date: May 7, 2025
a = 2.2172
b = 0.0008
s = 0.0333
Annual growth rate:
Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0008) – 1
= 31.58%
Price channel spread:
Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0333) – 1
= 14.26%
August 17, 2023 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y824)
= Exp(a + b × X824 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,196 + 2 × s)
= Exp(2.2172 + 0.0008 × 1,196 + 2 × 0.0333)
= Exp(3.1832)
= $24.12
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y824)
= Exp(a + b × X824 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,196 – 2 × s)
= Exp(2.2172 + 0.0008 × 1,196 – 2 × 0.0333)
= Exp(3.0499)
= $21.11
May 7, 2025 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,255)
= Exp(a + b × X1,255 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,825 + 2 × s)
= Exp(2.2172 + 0.0008 × 1,825 + 2 × 0.0333)
= Exp(3.6562)
= $38.71
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,255)
= Exp(a + b × X1,255 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,825 – 2 × s)
= Exp(2.2172 + 0.0008 × 1,825 – 2 × 0.0333)
= Exp(3.5229)
= $33.88
Description
- The primary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the primary trend is 31.58% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of May 7, 2025 was $36.33 and was inside the primary price channel.
Secondary Trend
Start date: August 16, 2024
End date: May 7, 2025
a = 2.6135
b = 0.0005
s = 0.0238
Annual growth rate:
Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0005) – 1
= 21.07%
Price channel spread:
Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0238) – 1
= 9.98%
August 16, 2024 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,075)
= Exp(a + b × X1,075 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,561 + 2 × s)
= Exp(2.6135 + 0.0005 × 1,561 + 2 × 0.0238)
= Exp(3.4788)
= $32.42
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,075)
= Exp(a + b × X1,075 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,561 – 2 × s)
= Exp(2.6135 + 0.0005 × 1,561 – 2 × 0.0238)
= Exp(3.3836)
= $29.48
May 7, 2025 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,255)
= Exp(a + b × X1,255 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,825 + 2 × s)
= Exp(2.6135 + 0.0005 × 1,825 + 2 × 0.0238)
= Exp(3.6171)
= $37.23
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,255)
= Exp(a + b × X1,255 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,825 – 2 × s)
= Exp(2.6135 + 0.0005 × 1,825 – 2 × 0.0238)
= Exp(3.5219)
= $33.85
Description
- The secondary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the secondary trend is 21.07% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of May 7, 2025 was inside the secondary price channel.